Health Matters :: Healthy Lifestyle Essay

wellness MattersIn 1991, fewer than one percent of Americans felt that wellness care was an important issue. Just two eld later, President Clinton urged Congress to help him fix a health care system that is badly down in the mouth (Collins 78). Is the health care system badly broken? The health care tidy up debate has captured the attention of all Americans. What brought health care reform into the public spotlight? Although our medical care in this awkward is of the highest quality, our access to that care is waning due to higher and higher costs. Our health care system needs fundamental reform. Currently, there are dozens of reform packages in Congress, yet three packages offer significant recommendations toward health care reform President Clintons Health Security Act, Representative Jim Coopers Managed Competition Act, and Senator John Chaffees Health Equity and Reform Access Today Act. The final health care reform package must include the choice aspects of all three of these proposals. nonpareil aspect which must be included in health care reform is the elimination of insurance bias. Too many Americans are uninsured because of pre-existing conditions. Insurance providers should no longer be allowed to cover only the healthiest persons. Never again should an employer feel the need to fire a worker because of an illness which raises health insurance premiums. There are two important steps toward eliminating insurance bias. The first step is making portability of insurance a reality. Right now in this country, 28% of working Americans are unable to change jobs because they would lose their reportage and be denied coverage with another company due to pre-existing conditions (U.S. Health 56). For example, Marcia and shit Callendar both had good jobs with good benefits. They thought their family was well-protected by the insurance provided by Marks employer. Then their son, Matthew, got sick. Mark lost his job, and the Callendars lost their insurance. Whe n they tried to apply for coverage by Marcias job, they were turned down because of Matthews pre-existing condition. Matthew finally qualified for coverage through disability, but Mark had to take a lower-paying job to be eligible for coverage (Health Security 6). Hence, increasing portability of policies is fundamental to reform. No longer should an individual lose health insurance coverage with the loss of employment. Secondly, insurance providers must stop cherry-picking individuals. raft should not be denied health care coverage because they have been sick. Denial of insurance coverage only forces these patients to use expensive emergency room operate rather than obtaining regular treatment.

Coral Reefs And Bleaching Phenomenon Essay -- essays research papers

Imagine yourself observing one of the most diverse ecosystems on earth. Thousands of species of plants and animals bring home the bacon a dizzying array of color and motion. Massive structures provide a canopy that shelters hundreds of exotic species in a myriad of microclimates. As land-based observers, we almost automatically assume that this is a description of the rich ecosystem of a tropical rainforest. However, if we take ourselves off the safety of dry land and immerse ourselves in the ocean, we testament find an equally dynamic environment in the depths of our universe of discourses coral reefs. As a Zoology major, I quickly decided to explore this biological component of the ocean environment. In the following paper, I will provide a general overview of coral reefs and examine the alarming depletion of coral and their ecological symbionts in a process known as coral bleaching.As mentioned earlier, coral reefs ar among the most diverse and productive of all communities o n Earth. They are also the largest biological structures on the planet. The Great Barrier Reef, along the east coast of Australia, covers over 2000 kilometers and is said to be visible from the moon (Goreau, 1987). While the size of coral reefs can be enormous, their real impact is on a much smaller scale. Reefs function as food and shelter for fish and marine invertebrates. While the coral itself is an animal, through a symbiotic relationship with the unicellular algae, coral becomes the primary producer in its ocean ecosystem (Richmond 1993). The reefs are formed by calcium carbonate deposits produced by the coral polyps. According to the legendary Cousteau, in his book The Ocean World, tube worms and mollusks also donate their hard skeletons to the architecture of the growing reef (174). Biologically active compounds are also produced by reef dwelling organisms and posses antimicrobial and antiviral properties (Van Alstyne 1988). In fact, coral produces a natural sunscreen that is currently marketed and also holds promise in generating chemicals for AIDS and cancer research. In 1995, researchers mimicked the structural components of coral and now use the patented super hard compound to repair shattered human bones (Alderage 1995). Further more, coral reefs are naturally extremely productive fishing grounds. In fact, healthy reefs produce up to 10-100 times more yield per unit a... ...pear, the fate of one of the worlds most diverse ecosystem remains to be seen.BibliographyAlderage, Susan. April 1995. chromatic Replacement for Human Bones. Focus Magazine. P45(46)Brown, B.E., Odgen, J.C. 1993. coral Bleaching. Scientific American, 26964-70Cohen, Anne L. Lobel, Phillip S. Oct. 1997. Coral Bleaching on the Johnston Atoll. The Biological Bulletin. V193 n2. P276(4). Coral Color. November 1997. Discover Magazine-Current Clips. P10Cousteau, J. Y. 1985. The Ocean World. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., New York, NY, pp. 174-175. Goreau, Thomas. August 1987. Coral and Cora l Parks. Scientific American. V11334-36Luoma, Jon R. Nov. 1996. Reef Madness Audubon. V98 n6. P24(3).Richmond, R. H. 1993. Coral Reefs Present problems and Future Concerns Resulting form Athropogenic Disturbence. American Zoologist. V33 P524-536.Van Alstyne, K. L. and V. J. Paul. 1988. The Role of Secondary Metabolites in Marine Ecological Interactions. Proceedings of the 6th International Coral Reef Symposium, Australia, Vol. 1. Wilkinson, C. R. 1987. Interocean Differences in Size and Nutrition of Coral Reef Sponge Populations. Science, Vol. 236 P1654-1657.

I Never Attended a Traditional School :: Personal Narrative Writing

I Never Attended a Traditional give instruction My schooling was never anything near normal. I never went to normal school or what everyone would call traditional school with a curriculum for any aloofness of time. It is not uncommon now to meet home-schooled children or hear of how home-schooled children participate with traditionally schooled children, but in my time, people would look at me strangely if I were not in school.Honey, why arent you in school? was the dreaded question. I could al almost feel truant officers watching me in the shadows while I answered back. In my mind, truant officers were standardized policemen who would put bad children in jail and feed them only bread and water.We just moved... I will be in the local anesthetic school soon, I would answer. After the interrogation I would hang my head in shame. I felt like a social outcast, too white-haired for preschool, and yet too young to be a school dropout. I would dig my heels into the ground, staring at my shiny red shoes and my white webby socks. I wanted to disappear from the face of the earth by somehow digging myself into a deep hole in the ground. My younger sister was spared the chagrin since she was still an infant and was of preschool age when we finally stopped our travels and settled into a neighborhood for a while.Mummy, why cant I just go to school like everyone else? I would ask her in dismay after those dreaded incidents. My world felt gray and a funny unhappy feeling would sink into my stomach.My cause would turn her beautiful face towards me, the perfect socialite, the model body, with the presence of an actress. She was oblivious to my distress. I knew she would laugh off my fears just as she laughed off her own most of her life. We move too much...and you are very lucky...its not common to see the world as you do. Its much better that I take you when youre still lowly and can catch up with school. Many children would really envy you. You get enough of an educati on by traveling with me, she would answer. I often wondered why I could not be as cool and collected as the beautiful stranger who was my own mother. Instead, I was shy and lacked much self-esteem. I was plagued by fears and a mouth that would button itself in the most critical moments.

Ambiguity in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essay example -- Young Go

Ambiguity in materialisation Goodman chocolate-brown There is no end to the ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown this essay hopes to explore this problem. Peter Conn in Finding a Voice in an revolutionary Nation makes a statement regarding Hawthornes ambiguity Almost all of Hawthornes finest stories are remote in time or place. The glare of contemporary reality immobillized his imagination. He required shadows and half-light, and he sought a nervous equilibrium in ambiguity. . . . Where traditional allegory was secured in certitude, however, Hawthornes allegorical proceedings yield only restlessness and doubt. The stable system of correspondences that tied allegorys images and ideas together was lodged squarely upon the religious orthodoxy that Hawthorne rejected. In his belated version of the sacramental world, the links binding visible to warmness have become vexed and problematic. . . . The flickering, uncertain revelations offered by the physical world in Hawthornes fiction allow simultaneously for confession and concealment, for discovery and disguise. This doubleness generates tensions that commode be felt throughout Hawthornes work. . . . (82-84). R. W. B. Lewis in The Return into Rime Hawthorne mentions the ambiguity associated with the key imagery in Young Goodman Brown For Hawthorne, the forest was neither the proper home of the admirable Adam, as with Cooper nor was it the hideout of the malevolent adversary. . . . It was the ambiguous setting of moral choice. . . . (74-75). Henry James in Hawthorne, when discussing Young Goodman Brown mentions how allegorical Hawthorne is, and how it is not clearly expressed with this author The only cases in which ... ...Lang, H.J.. How Ambiguous Is Hawthorne. In Hawthorne A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Lewis, R. W. B. The Return into Time Hawthorne. In Hawthorne A Collection of Critical Essays, edited by A.N. Kaul. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1966. Martin, Terence. Nathaniel Hawthorne. New York Twayne Publishers Inc., 1965. Melville, Hermann. Hawthorne and His Mosses. In The Norton Anthology American Literature, edited by Baym et al. New York W.W. Norton and Co., 1995. Nathaniel Hawthorne. The Norton Anthology American Literature, edited by Baym et al. New York W.W. Norton and Co., 1995. Wagenknecht, Edward. Nathaniel Hawthorne The Man, His Tales and Romances. New York Continuum Publishing Co., 1989.

The Birmingham Bombings: Views of Martin Luther King and Jessie Jackso

The Birmingham Bombings Views of Martin Luther King and Jessie Jackson The bombings and marches in Birmingham Alabama were major concerns for all civilian rights leaders. During the 50s and 60s, civil rights leaders fought against damage in different ways. Some civil rights leaders like Martin Luther King and Jessie Jackson fought against injustice with a pen. In 1963 Martin Luther King wrote a letter titled, Letter From a Birmingham Jail, and Jessie Jackson wrote, Jets of Water Blast Civil Rights Demonstrators, Birmingham, 1963. Martin Luther King and Jessie Jackson atomic number 18 ii civil rights leaders of different generations, but with similar views concerning the Birmingham bombings. There is a noticeable age difference between Jackson and King, which results in two different perspectives. In Jessie Jacksons article he wrote about past experiences, because his article was written years after the Birmingham events. Jackson was just a college student at the t ime of the Birmingham bombings. He only had himself to worry about, but he chose to make the nation...

Graduation Speech: Happiness is Success :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

A few months ago I was sitting in the guidance center waiting for some transcripts. I was having one of those high-stress, low-patience days and I was just in a very bad mood. As I waited, I noticed a little book on one of the coffee bean tables called What happiness is. Cynically curious, I picked up the book and fingered through it. Each page was different quote about what happiness is, and as I canvass each one, I started to slowly lift out of my bitter mood. The first one I read was Happiness sneaks in through a door you didnt know you left open. - John Barrymore. I could buy that, I was starting to feel a little better. The next one I read was All who would win joy must share it, happiness was born a twin. - Lord Byron. Now that mat up good to read my present mood. Eagerly, I read the third one. Happiness is going to the 20 year reunion and finding that the boy elected most likely to succeed, didnt. Needless to say, I felt a little disenfranchised by this one. Having won that category in the yearbook this year, I felt a sudden added pressure. I was now articled for 20 years to try to succeed in order to keep all of you from being happy. It was a lose-lose situation for all of us. For a time after, my thoughts a lot drifted to that 20-year reunion. How was I going to be successful? How was I going to insure I fulfilled my high school yearbooks prophecy? How was I going to be a success? Immediately, my thoughts drifted to money. Success to most Americans immediately means big houses, hot cars, bling-bling. I had no guarantees to myself that I would be a success. There was goose egg I could do but continue to work hard, stay up late writing papers and hang posters my entire life for dances. I didnt ineluctably want this. So I began to question what success is to me. And its more than the cliche of happiness. What success is to me, could be radically different than what success is to anyone else in this room. Its up to me to ascertain it for me. Its up to me to decide what I have to do in my life to make it a success. We all set our own expectations.

Graduation Speech: Happiness is Success :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

A few months ago I was sitting in the guidance center waiting for some transcripts. I was having one of those high-stress, low-patience days and I was just in a very bad mood. As I waited, I noticed a little book on one of the coffee tables called What happiness is. Cynically curious, I picked up the book and fingered by it. Each page was different quote about what happiness is, and as I read each one, I started to slowly lift out of my acidulent mood. The first one I read was Happiness sneaks in through a door you didnt know you left open. - John Barrymore. I could buy that, I was starting to feel a little better. The next one I read was All who would win joy must share it, happiness was innate(p) a twin. - Lord Byron. Now that felt good to read my present mood. Eagerly, I read the third one. Happiness is going to the 20 year reunification and finding that the boy elected most likely to succeed, didnt. Needless to say, I felt a little disenfranchised by this one. Having won that c ategory in the yearbook this year, I felt a sudden added pressure. I was now indentured for 20 years to try to succeed in order to proceed all of you from being happy. It was a lose-lose situation for all of us. For a time after, my thoughts often drifted to that 20-year reunion. How was I going to be successful? How was I going to extend I fulfilled my high school yearbooks prophecy? How was I going to be a success? Immediately, my thoughts drifted to money. Success to most Americans immediately means unsound houses, hot cars, bling-bling. I had no guarantees to myself that I would be a success. There was nothing I could do but continue to work hard, stay up late writing papers and hang posters my entire life history for dances. I didnt necessarily want this. So I began to question what success is to me. And its more than the platitude of happiness. What success is to me, could be radically different than what success is to anyone else in this room. Its up to me to define it f or me. Its up to me to decide what I have to do in my life to make it a success. We all set our own expectations.

Summarise the historic use of management of woodlands

Here I want to focus on the part of flag stop which I fell in Love with first Brashness Wood. Brashness Wood is km east of Oxford City, centered at Grid Reference SEPSISS. It is on the south-western lower slopes of Stopover pile and Is within Stopover Country Park. Stopover Hill is In the geographical stadium known as the Mid-vale Ridge or Upper Thames Basin and Is In the Stopover Conservation Target Area (TAVERN, I know from my work as Chair of the Friends of Magdalene Wood, that the site Is managed by the Oxford City Council.The Parks-Team is managing the park with a team of volunteers, who are trained in copping and pillaring and they support the different Friends groups all over Oxford. In a document that classifies Brashness Wood as a Site of Special Scientific Interest SSI) notified nether Section 28 of the buggylife and Countryside Act 1981 the management of the wood is described as followed Brashness Wood has a well defined copied-with-standards structure and Is one of t he few English woods which is still actively managed by this traditional method.The greater part of the wood Is an superannuated remnant of Stopover Forest with a documented history dating back to the thirteenth century. The wood Lies on measlyly drained Simmering clays merely Elliott limestone occurs close to the south western boundary and the presence of lime-loving plants suggests that it outcrops elsewhere in the DOD. The flora is exceptionally rich for a wood of this size with 221 recorded vascular plant species including 46 which are characteristic of ancient timbre(2). The woodland has all four layers well developed Canopy oak tree (mature, in abundance), Field Maple (widespread), Aspen, Wild Cherry. Small amounts of Silver Birch, Beech, Rowan and Yew. Ash is confined to newer parts of the wood (Open Brashness, recent origin derived from an open common). Shrub layer hazelnut (dominant), Blackthorn, Hawthorn, Midland Hawthorn, bellyache Apple, Held Maple, Dogwood, Ash, H olly and Elm suckers (all In abundance). Smaller amounts of Guilder Rose, Wayfaring and Spindle (Southern part).Field layer Rich and varied, the composition of which Is dependent on the stage of copping. Bramble dominates Buttercup (Rancorous auricles), Repine (Sedum telephone), remonstrate Leaved Bellflower (Campanile treacheries), Spurge Laurel (Daphne laurel), Blackcurrant (Ribs Ingram), Wood Meadow-grass (Pop memorials) and Bearded Couch (Olympus Canines) occur. In recently cleared areas plants such as Henbane (Housecoats Niger) and Deadly Nightshade (Troop Belladonna) may boasting for a short time. (3) We also mind a network of sinuous rides (intersections and two ponds).Ground Stopover Wildlife a local wildlife group which has studied Stopover since 1999 and has intense knowledge about the ancient woodland has identified over 100 Bryophytes (mosses and liverworts) as well as a huge variety of lichens(4). The vegetation of Stopover has been studied by botanists for the pas t three hundred years and some of Britains earliest scientific collections were made here. The sheltered open swards, sandy banks, scrub woodland, fuddled flushes and stream banks of Stopover Hill are of outstanding entomological interest.A substantial go of rare species occur here, particularly among the Dippier (true flies) and consider (bees, wasps and ants). The recorded total of 174 Calculate species is one of the highest in Britain and although umpteen of these have not been seen in recent years, the area is still an important one. Stopover Hill is also of local richness for breeding and wintering birds. (5) One of the pioneers who developed a substantial management plan was David Steel, who spent a long time in the woods studying it.His result Stopover The Natural History of a Royal Forest which was published by himself at Brashness Farm n 1984 is a rich denotation of information about this beautiful woodland. He says about Brashness Wood, that an active copping polic y which he developed has given the wood the whole range of underworld age-classes. The lengthy system of rides, provided because the wood is a public amenity, results in many flowery margins which are both attractive and of high nature conservation value. (6) Stopover Wildlife connect a lot to the work of David Steel and have continued his great work.I conducted an interview with Ivan Wright (Co-founder of the group and one of the rustles) about their substantial management plan, which goes way beyond what is taking place at the moment. I learned from that interview that modern ways of copping often destroy rare species and habitats since it has to be done in hurriedness and for economic reasons, rather than forestallment reasons. Groups like Stopover Wildlife are invaluable for professional managing teams, since they can provide their unique knowledge to help preserve as many species in our woodlands as possible.Brashness Wood is managed on a regular basis by the Oxford parks te am, following a management plan for the site. The abundant Hazel is copied frequently, the trees are managed, Brambles are cleared away all done while bearing in mind that the main goal here is the conservation of the semi-natural quadruplet where possible. Management history The ancient woodlands in and around Stopover Hill have been as Brashness Wood has a documented history exit back to the sasss. (7) Elisabeth I granted Brashness College management of their 80 acre copied in 1570.This woodland became known as Brashness Wood and had been let on a series of 21 -year leases until 1935. There is no record of copping rotation for this period. The wood as then sold to the Citizens of Oxford (Oxford City Council). Current and past indications demonstrate the poor quality of the underworld at Brashness Wood (Fuller and Steel, 1990). Between 1920 and 1973 copping was very sporadic, and included a significant period of about 40 years in which virtually no copping was carried out (peers comma. D. Steel). Hazel was occasionally copied by gypsies around 1940.By the sass the copied had become derelict, but a new rotational regime was introduced by David Steel the then manager of the SSI and responsible for achieving SSI status for the reserve in 1986. 8) Current situation We find the following habitats in Brashness Wood Copied stands with Oak standards Areas of permanent non-intervention antediluvian patriarch boundary banks Veteran trees Fallen and standing dead wood Species-rich rides Bridleways Streams Ponds Brashness Wood measures 27. Aha in total including a piece of woodland to the southeast, known as Open Brashness.As mentioned above, Brashness Wood is a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSI). The woodland type is a Biodiversity Action think (ABA) priority habitat referred to as Lowland mixed broadleaved woodland. The National Vegetation Classification (Iredell, 1991) for Brashness Wood is WWW woodland (Ash, Field Maple, Dog Mercury). Ancient semi-natural woodlands have been in existence since at least 1600. (9) Copping was resumed at Brashness Wood in 1973, with approximately half a hectare cut yearly, depending on manpower.In 2000 the disappear Deer came back into the woodland so that it became necessary to fence the newly copied areas to prevent the Deer from browsing the new growth. Most fences have been removed now. The various rides have been mowed twice a year (Spring & Autumn) and there had been some wood chipping and burning of ember by the City Council. In 2008/9 the utility was severely reduced The Oxford City Council efficiency review of 2008/9 resulted in the Countryside Service being disbanded in January 2010 and the post of Senior Ranger being terminated. 10). The work would now only include mowing, path maintenance and special requests by Stopover Wildlife. I know from talking to the Parks-Team Oxford, that a group of volunteers has been formed under the guidance of one of the rangers, to carry out copping and oth er management tasks all over Oxford. Stopover Wildlife themselves eave started a substantial management plan and carried out most(prenominal) of the copping and conservation work themselves. They claim that they do the work of 5 employees on a voluntary basis (personal comment Ivan Wright, 8/11/13).They developed a Rota Brashness Wood is poor, taking about 18 years to reach Optimum stage The slow re-growth is mostly due to the shallow clay soil, which is mildly vitriolic and low in nutrients. The current emphasis for copping is on the enhancement of habitat quality for wildlife diversity . (11) Stopover Wildlife even started experimenting tit high copping to prevent the cervid from browsing and to meet the needs of invertebrates that are dependent on old copied stools.They started the experiment in Winter 2008/2009, designating one area, where Hazel was cut at 1. 2 meters that should not be browsed by deer at all. This experiment in re-growth has not been as successful as the gro up was hoping, since a significant number of rods died down. This has also been discussed with the forestry commission (personal comment Ivan Wright, 8/11/13). As a control they also copied an area in the traditional way ground level) to be eaten by the deer. And in a third area, the group cut at 0. meters which may get eaten, and this is being monitored. If, as we suspect, Brashness is mostly populated with genetic mutation Deer, we might get away with a fairly low copied height, which would be more desirable for the benefit of woodland flora. 4 Ivan told me in the interview that the forte copied produced shoots which were mainly left alone by the deer. He showed me a lovely night-vision photograph of a Mutant Deer browsing on the stool. The experimental area is still under monitoring.

Educational preparadness Essay

Write a formal paper (750-1,000 words) that addresses the following 1.Discuss the take issueences in competencies between nurses lively at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level in wield for. 2.Identify a patient c atomic number 18 situation in which you describe how nursing care or approaches to decision-making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse (BSN versus a diploma or ADN degree).For additional help finding query on this topic, refer to the GCU Library tutorial located at in the Student Success Center.Refer to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Fact Sheet Creating a More Highly suitable Nursing Workforce (http//www.aacn.nche.edu/media-relations/NursingWorkforce.pdf)as a resource.Refer to the assigned readings for concepts that help support your main points.Refer to Grand Canyon University College of Nursing Philosophy. This is an informational resource to assist in completing the engagement.Prepare th is assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can beeducational PreparednessErin WakefieldNRS 430 Professional DynamicsJune 8, 20141.Discuss the differences in competencies between nurses prepared at the associate-degree level versus the baccalaureate-degree level in nursing. 2.Identify a patient care situation in which you describe how nursing care or approaches to decision-making may differ based upon the educational preparation of the nurse (BSN versus a diploma or ADN degr ee).All focalize on health, environment and persongcu philosophy of nursing Nursing as a profession is a field that continues to grow and expand with opportunities. As these opportunities are created, expectations related to level of competency and fund of knowledge are increased. As a whole we are all RNs and have taken the NCLEX examination which as ( aach website) states it tests for minimum technical competency for safe entry into basic nursing practice. However, there are different levels of education and competency. As an associate degree RN or baccalaureate degree in nursing are considered entry level RN, and those who pursue further education such as master degree or doctorate level are considered mod professional nurses or nursing (gateway philosophy of nursing. )With each education level of nursing comes differences in competencies and knowledge. For example as an associate degree or baccalaureate degree in nursing you are educated on the skills and foundations of asse ssing, critical thinking, communicating, providing care, commandment and leading, according to GCU Philosophy of nursing. Not only are we taught the skills needed, instructors would also focus on the concepts of autonomy, altruism, human dignity in respect to any individual receiving care regardless of who that person is. These values in conjunction with the skills taught help to create a not only knowledgeable but compassionate and caring nurse. GCU philosophy of nursing focus on both the skills and values needed to create an entry level BSN nurse.At a masters level of nursing or advanced professional nursing on is consideredMasters nursing practice expands upon baccalaureate nursing concepts to include clinical practice knowledge, coaching/mentoring/teaching, consulting/collaborating, advanced leadership, and nursing education with a focus on research and quality assurance, critical thinking, spirituality, diversity, caring, and life-long learning. The advanced professional nursi ng role relies on best practices and evidence-based research with a focus on evaluation of health, outcomes, and processes.

Safe Disposal of Wastewater – Disinfection

2.1.4 DisinfectionDisinfection is the primary mechanism for the inactivation or devastation of infective beings to keep the spread of waterborne disease to downstream users and the environment. ( Municipal Technology Branch U.S. EPA, 1999 )Chlorination is the close common method of disinfection. Chlorine is effectual at killing most bacteriums, viruses and Protozoa that rise hazards to human wellness. The reactions of Cl in effluent be shown as belowChlorine2+ pee HOCl + H-ClChlorine HypochlorousGas GasHOCl + OCl + HHypochloriteIonIn chlorination intervention, Cl must be removed before do by H2O is released due to chlorine is itself toxic to marine life. Sodium bisulfite is added to the treated H2O to coin any Cl residue. ( Patrick, n.d. )Besides, ultraviolet light disinfection is a physical procedure that transportations electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of ab extinct 4 to 400 nanometers from a hydrargyrum discharge lamp to an being s familial hale ( DNA and RNA ) . When UV radiation, generated by an electrical discharge through quicksilver vapour, penetrates the familial stuff of micro-organisms and idiots their ability to reproduce. ( Anon. , 1999 ) UV disinfect at wavelength of about 254nm is most efficient for disinfection intent. This procedure adds nil to the H2O but UV light, on that pointfore, there is no residuary consequence that toilet be harmful to worlds or aquatic life. In add-on, UV is an effectual germicide for chlorine-resistant Protozoa like Cryptosporidium and Giardia. However, UV disinfection is non both bit cost-efficient as chlorination.Recently, ozone has begun to acquire attending as a effluent disinfection method. Ozone is an unstable fellate comprising of three O atoms, the gas will right away degrade back to O, and during this passage a free O atom or free group is formed. Most fling offwater intervention workss generate ozone by enforcing a juicy electromotive force jumping current ( 6 to 20 kVs ) across a d ielectric discharge spread that contains an oxygen-bearing gas. Ozone is a really unafraid oxidizer and viricide. It has greater disinfection effectivity in taking virus and bacteriums present in H2O due to direct oxidization or devastation of the prison cell wall with escape of cellular components outside of the cell, reactions with extremist byproducts of ozone decomposition and harm to the components of the nucleic acids. ( Anon. , 1999 ) Ozone is besides known to cut down the concentration of Fe, S and manganese and extinguish olfactory property and gustatory sensation jobs. Ozone oxides the manganese, sulfur and Fe into indissoluble metal oxides. These indissoluble atoms are subsequently removed by filtration. Furthermore, ozone increases the O content of H2O, a good side-effect of disinfection.2.1.5 Third TreatmentAfter biochemical debasement of the sewerage in the secondary intervention, the clarified wastewater is further treated to take non- perishable toxic organic pol lutants, disable disease doing beings and viruses, and other man-made pollutants. ( Anon. , n.d. ) After this intervention, the waste H2O becomes relatively safer and can be dispatch into the environment. There are three chief third intervention procedures, which are filtration, lagooning, and alimentary remotion.In the filtration procedure, sand or spark C are utilise to filtrate the effluent. The H2O is made to go through through a bed of sand activated C, so that the particulate affair in the H2O adheres to the filter medium and gets removed from the H2O. Sand filtration removes much of the residuary suspended affair whereas filtration over activated C removes residuary toxins. ( Anon. , n.d. )Lagooning provides colony and farther biological betterment through storage in big semisynthetic pools or lagunas. These lagunas are extremely aerophilic and colonisation by native macrophytes, peculiarly reeds, is frequently encouraged. Small filter feeding invertebrates such as Daphni a and species of Rotifera greatly assist in intervention by consuming the biodegradable atoms in the sewerage H2O ( taking all right particulates ) .Removal of foods atomic number 7 and P is necessary as their inordinate release to the environment can take to a buildup of foods, called eutrophication that in a manner lead to the giantism of weeds, algae, and blue-green algaes ( bluish green algae ) . This lead to a phenomenon called Algae Bloom, where there is a rapid growing in the population of unsustainable algae which finally dies. As the bacterium works on the decomposition of these algae, they use up also much of O which may take to the decease of most of the aquatic biology which creates more organic affair for the bacteriums to break up. In add-on to doing deoxygenation, slightly algal species produce toxins that contaminate imbibing H2O supplies. Therefore, remotion of foods is indispensable measure in third effluent intervention. Phosphate remotion is achieved by hardi hood as Ca phosphate. Besides, N is removed through the biological oxidization of N from ammonium hydroxide to nitrate ( nitrification ) , followed by the decrease of nitrate to nitrogen gas ( denitrification ) . Nitrogen gas is released in the ambiance and therefore removed from the H2O. ( Anon. , n.d. )2.1.6 Sludge TreatmentSludge is produced from the intervention of effluent in on-the-spot(prenominal) ( infected armour combat vehicle ) and off-site ( activated ooze ) systems. The muck are likely to incorporate microorganisms which may lend to the transmittal of diseases, each bit good as organic and inorganic contaminations which may be risky or toxic to worlds or have damaging effects on the environment in general. Therefore, all gunk must be treated before recycling or disposal and the grade of intervention depends on the mean concluding usage. The intervention procedure may affect thickener, dewatering, digestion, composting, and concluding disposal.2.1.6.1 Sludge Thic keningThickening of dung increases its solids content and reduces the volume of free H2O thereby minimising the unit burden on downstream procedures such as digestion and dewatering. The most normally used inspissating procedures include gravitation thickener, dissolved air flotation and cartridge remover thickener. Gravity thickener is normally carried out in a round armored combat vehicle where the sludge is fed to the armored combat vehicle through a centre provender good. The provender sludge is allowed to settle and the inspissate sludge is withdrawn from the underside of the armored combat vehicle. Conventional sludge roll uping mechanisms with deep trusses or perpendicular lookouts are used to stir the sludge gently thereby easing the release of H2O from the sludge. The supernatant stream is returned either to the primary subsiding armored combat vehicles or to the influent of the intervention works, whereas the thickened sludge is pumped to digesters or dewatering insta llations. Typically, sludge can be thickened to approximately 2 to 3 % for solids derived from activated sludge or RBC systems, whilst for primary sludge and dribbling filter sludge, they can be thickened to approximately 4 to 6 per centum solids concentration. ( Alturkmani, 2012 )Flotation thickener is a solid- liquefiable separation procedure. Separation is unnaturally induced by presenting all right gas bubbles into the floatation procedure system. The gas bubbles become affiliated to the solid particulates, organizing a gas-solid sum with an overall majority denseness less than the denseness of the liquid. Therefore, these sums float on the control surface of the fluid. Once the solid atoms have been floated to the surface, they can be collected by a skimming operation. ( Lawrence K Wang, n.d. )Centrifuges are a compact, simple, flexible, self-contained unit. They have the disadvantages of high capitals, care and power costs and frequently a hapless, solids-capture efficiency if chemicals are non used for bio sludge. However, they have extra advantage of less infinite demand, less feeling potency and housework demand. ( Anon. , n.d. ) Centrifugal thickener is acceleration of deposit through the usage of centrifugal force. Centrifuges are normally used for inspissating waste activated sludge. Primary sludge is usually non fed to centrifugate as it may incorporate scratchy stuff.2.6.1.2 StabilzsationStabilization is the term used to denote the procedure of biochemical O demand ( BOD ) decrease. The stabilisation procedure can be carried out under aerobic or anaerobiotic conditions. In anaerobiotic system, the sludge is passed through a well-mixed digester at 35C. The procedure is uninterrupted and takes 15-20 yearss. The organic stuff interruptions down in the digester to bring forth methane gas and C dioxide. The gas is burned to rage the digester or in really big workss to bring forth electricity through a combined heat and power works. Digested sludge h as a low smell and H2O is easy removed to cut down volume. The procedure kills potentially harmful bacteriums and can be enhanced by usage of high force per unit area or sonic systems which destroy bacteriums cells. ( Anon. , n.d. )Aerobic stabilisation is carry out in an aeration armored combat vehicle with the nowadays of O which is same manual as in an activated sludge procedure. Due to the high O demand, this procedure is free energy intensive and high costs. In aerophilic digestion, sludge stabilisation is achieved when aerophilic and facultative micro-organisms convert biodegradable organic affair in an environment where aeration is provided. finis merchandises of the digestion are chiefly C dioxide, H2O and non-biodegradable stuffs.2.1.6.3 Sludge ConditioningSludge instruct is a procedure that sludge solids are treated with chemicals to fix the sludge for dewatering procedures. Chemical conditioning prepares the sludge for better economical intervention with vacuity filter s or extractors. Sulfuric acid, alum, chlorinated copperas, ferric sulphate, and ferrous chloride with or without calcium hydroxide are common chemicals that used in this procedure. The intent of adding chemicals to the sludge is to take down or increase its pH value to a point where little atoms grumose into larger 1s and the H2O in the sludge solids is given up most pronto.Thermal conditioning has two rudimentss which are wet air oxidization and heat intervention. Wet air oxidization play a function in reduces the sludge to an ash whereas heat intervention improves the dewaterability of the sludge. This procedure produces a more readily dewaterable sludge and besides provides effectual disinfection of the sludge.Blending is a procedure where two or more types of sludge are blended together to ease a higher sludge solids concentration and a more homogeneous mixture of sludge prior to dewatering. Blending operations tends to diminish the chemical demand for conditioning and dewater ing sludge. The blending operation normally takes topographic point in sludge keeping armored combat vehicles usually where primary sludge is assorted with waste activated sludge. ( Anon. , n.d. )2.1.6.4 DewateringSludge dewatering is a procedure that taking H2O from sludge. The most common manner to dewater sludge is to physically squash the H2O out of the sludge. The usual dewatering method are pressure filtration dewatering, belt imperativeness dewatering filtration, air sludge drying procedures, sludge dewatering centrifugation and vacuity filtration. Furthermore, a sludge desiccant can be utilized at the terminal of the procedure. Desiccants are oven like equipment that really bakes out the H2O.2.1.6.5 Volume DecreaseSludge incineration is the thermic devastation of sludge by oxidization at high temperature, this procedure besides known as burning. The gases from burning must be kept at temperature of 677?C to 760?C until they are entirely burned.Wet air oxidization is one of the methods for the intervention of aqueous effluents. In wet air oxidization aqueous waste is oxidized in the liquid stage at high temperatures of 400K to 573 K and force per unit areas of 0.5MPa to 20 MPa in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas. ( Anon. , n.d. )2.1.6.6 Sludge Disposal2.1.7 Safe Disposal of wastewaterWastewater intervention workss must dispose of the remainders ensuing from effluent intervention.

Environmental History Essay

During the last ice age, around 13,500 historic period ago, a number of people from different continents came to North the States to find food. They have been able to walk across the Bering Land Bridge from Siberia and Alaska. This was likely possible because during that period the sea level were lower that it is today. The melting of the glaciers has unclouded any(prenominal) passage for the Alaskan to spread and colonize areas throughout South America within the period of 1,000 years. In their conquest, these people had a major furbish up on the ecology and wildlife to which they have been destined.Studies on the archeological findings stated that prior to the coming of the early North Americans, the lands were covered with lush vegetation and large species of mammals and birds. The herbivores sluice included 3 species of elephants such as the woolly elephants, the giant mammoths and the mastodons. much(prenominal) animals which are common were giant animals like bison, grou nd sloths, armadillos, beaver and tortoises. Giant predators withal are giveing on different herbivores. Such predators were the cheetahs, saber-toothed tigers, lions and giant wolves.Most of these large predators have migrated from the boreal forests of Canada to endure in the forest of North America. sentient being remains of these unimaginable sizes and power of these animals have been found but where and why these species have vanished is a questionable issue. Tim Flannerys book The Eternal Frontier An bionomical History of North America and Its Peoples concluded that during the coming of the early North Americans at that institutionalize was what he call the Pleistocene Overkill.He hypothesized that during the colonization of humans and arrival far across the continents, they almost wiped out large herbivores through hunting. Large animals were more noticeable gum olibanum making them prime targets. Their low reproductive rate cannot compensate for the losses because of frequent hunting. When these animals became extinct, their predators became extinct as healthy. The extinction of the predators made an impact in the extinction of large scavenger birds.Only animals which can prey on and frequent the oceans did not suffer high extinction rates during this time. (Moyle & Orland, 2004). There are also evidences that the early North American people has manipulated their surround and that they have modified their environment as based on observation of settlers from Europe. The settlers have documented that Indians shaped their environment through the use of fire peculiarly during the late summer to minimize the valleys underbrush and reduce the number of trees.This is to facilitate hunting and do their gathering. While the American Indians are woful across seasonally while using fire for easy gimpy hunting, the European settlers made themselves fences and farmhouses as well and bringing with them domesticated animals and crops. The Europeans howe ver, have influenced some of the Indians to properly control or stop the use of fire and introduced to them the proper use of land use and establishing properties and boundaries for their domain (Northwest, 1998).Eyewitness accounts from the early European explorers, trappers, soldiers and missionaries corroborate that prior to their settlement the wilderness were not pristine but earlier the product of remains of thousands of years of usage and management by autochthonic Americans. The Native Americans management also has consequences on their ecosystems and one example is the extinction of most large mammal species in North America between 10,800 and 10,000 years ago. This is believably the result of hunting practices of Paleo-Indians as previously mentioned and with the effect of rapid environmental changes.Once again the setting of fires for hunting, land clearance, warfare and signaling as well as forest fires contributed to the degradation of forest and ecology in the pre- modern American era (Bonnicksen, 2000). Based from The Ecological Indian Myth and History by Shepard Krech III, the Paleo-Indians had a great role in the extinction of animal species in North America. Krech believe that Paleo-Indians play great role in the Pleistocene extinctions about 11,000 years ago when many indigenous animal species in North America vanished.Severe climate changes however were also contributory to the extinctions of such animals. Krech uphold that at that place was actually human intervention in the exploitation and extinction of animals in that period because of two grand evidence. Such were the findings of Paleo-Indian artifacts with the remains of extinct animals and the fact that there was already the extinction of animals before the arrival of European settlers in North America. Notably, the use of fire by the North American Indians was widespread as an important method for their subsistence.Fire is also used for communication, aggression and travel. Not ably, vast tracts of forest lands were burned so that animals may move out and go to a place where they could be easily hunted. These aboriginals thus destroyed the habitats of elk, deer, buffaloes, wolves and beaver thus killing them for their meat and fur (Orton, 1999). At the time of the arrival of the Europeans, many Indians were already farmers. Farmers in the East and Southwest were raising corns, beans, pumpkins and squash which are necessary for their subsistence because five thousand years ago, agri finale was already a practice in America.By 1500, millions of acres of were already cleared and planted crops by the indigenous people. Furthermore, there was a constant set of fire to more hundreds of millions of acres to improve game habitat, clearance for travel, reduce insect pests and to enhance conditions to grow berries. Vast areas of forest landscape in the West and East and park-like open spaces are usually green goddess with low-intensity fires. Even in New England, I ndians burn their woods twice in a year. The frequent burning of forest has created wide open grasslands which were formerly forests.Such indication of human disturbances and alteration in the ecological system were the proliferation of game animals such as the wild turkeys, white-tailed deer, ruffled grouse and other species commonly live only on forest edges and openings. By the end of the early 1600s, bison were roaming the prairies in the south and reached as far as Far East (Maccleery, 1999). The migration of early European settlers to North America, however, has introduced the barter and craftsmanship practices with the Native Americans. One of the most earliest and important industries in that period was the fur trade.The fur trade industry has played a great factor in the development of America and Canada for more than three centuries. The trade began in the 1500s as an exchange of goods between Indians and Europeans and other tools and weapons as well. The Beaver fur was t he most valuable of all the furs being traded. The earliest traders of furs in North America were the French explorers and fishermen who came to a place which is immediately Eastern Canada. With the scarcity of fur-bearing animals particularly the beavers, North Americans and Eskimos set traps as far as Canada.British and French empires were set in America because of fur trade in the early 1600s. The prospect of wealth with this venture has brought Europeans to the New World thus the establishment of many trading posts in the wilderness. As settlements grew, states were established and posterior became such major cities as Detroit, New Orleans, and St. Louis. While in Canada, Edmonton, Montreal, Quebec and Winnipeg were also established. Because of its promising wealth venture, the fur trade has created a conflict between France and outstanding Britain in the American land.There were rivalries over trading and alliances between Indian tribes and other traders. Hostilities however , were shown by other Indians toward white settlers because the settlers prevented the Indians from clearing the forest with burning thus preventing the production of fur-bearing animals. With such disproportionate conflict, border between the United States and Canada were formed. But in the 1700s, the fur trade started to decline in the Eastern United States as a result from the clearing of large tracts of lands for settlement.As the clearings grew wider, fur-bearing animals increasingly became scarce as well which hurt the trade in the Hesperian America and Western Canada. Silk was found to be an alternative for clothing and accessories when fur-trading was stopped by 1870s (Stuart, 2007). In conclusion to this, as stated by Shephard Krech III on his Reflections on Conservation, Sustainability, and Environmentalism in Indigenous North America, he has his own debate if really the old North Americans are environmentalists, ecologists or conservationist.As he has mentioned other fac ts rather than being in assuring, enough evidence must be drawn to come up with more solid proof that indeed they were. However, there is more information and evidence that showed generally, they have not been properly treated their environment in the proper perspective because what they all need in that period was to outlive in the midst of a dark and forested land. The American Indians of today, however, are one of the most visible groups in rallying for the preservation of their land, their domain and their culture as well.

Fast Food Nation Essay

The idea of sporting food has been around since before the 1920s. However, the real emergence of the industry was non until the late 1940s following the Second World War. Military based towns were desolate during the war. Once the war was over, there were more more mouths to feed and more places to put restaurant franchises. This coupled with the passing of Eisenhowers Interstate Highway Act and the sheer drive of profligate food pioneers allowed franchising to be very successful. hatful were able to take their new cars on the highway and take convenient off-ramps to speedee service restaurants (Schlosser, 20).Ray Kroc, founder of the McDonalds corporation, has created a revolutionary franchise that has conk out a household name all over the solid ground. There be many theories on how this and separate agile food corporations reached such success. One of the study reasons is the strategic segmentation of the human race groups of lot pass on been targeted as prime saprs of fast food. To consume, by definition, is to purchase goods for ones own desires. The fast food industry has be catch just that, a desire to people of all statuses in society.In Eric Schlossers Fast Food Nation, the impact that the fast food industry has on children, p atomic number 18nts and the foreign population as consumers is arguably detrimental in its use for economic success. The fast food industry targets many demographic groups in our society. Children are subjected to the billion dollar advertising campaigns that fast food restaurants create. Kids are enticed to purchase fast food before they rotter notwithstanding earn money. This is where the industry makes their killing by advertising to young children, parents are pressured to buy goods from the fast food restaurants.Its not just getting kids to whine. Its well-nigh giving them a specific reason to ask for the product (Schlosser, 43). Although it is not the children specifically giving the cashier money for produ cts, they have the tremendous index finger of leverage with their parents. Starting with a broad look the restaurants themselves often times have a play area for children, McDonalds being most celebrated for this. They create characters, such as Ronald McDonald and friends, to make kids feel exchangeable they are in a fun house or that the restaurant truly cares about each child.Taco bells chihuahua was a cute puppy for kids to be intimate as well (Schlosser, 43). Kids meals in most fast food places are served with toys to play with. Fast food corporations began the process of synergy they were signing with other major businesses to put popular toys in their meals. For example, Wendys write with NCAA for action figures, McDonalds signed with Ty for Beanie Babies and Pokemon cards (Schlosser, 47). When children found competition with other children to get the next toy commencement, there was a reason to come back to that restaurant.Even the color scheme on the packaging the me als come in is bright and exciting. Why would any child say no? The parents of these children and teens are also affected by the fast food industry. As previously mentioned, children pressure their parents to buy goods from fast food chains. Parents consume these goods for themselves but also pretend their children, which makes up an entirely different consumer group. Fast food caters to those parents who are short on time, money or both. Parents who work long or unusual hours can count on a nearby fast food restaurant being open at all hours.Even when families are constantly on the move, a drive-thru is a quick and easier way to eat than making a meal at home or sitting down in a restaurant. In addition, parents who struggle with every penny they have can buy their family meals for a fraction of alternative options. McDonalds company historian says, Working-class families could straight afford to feed their kids restaurant food (Schlosser, 20). Parents want to give their children the best being financially able to take them to restaurants is a value that could now slowly be attained with the emergence of the fast-food industry.Fast food chains have expanded beyond American borders for potential puzzleth. McDonalds alone has over seventeen gibibyte restaurants in over 120 countries globally. That number does not include KFC, Pizza Hut, Burger King or Dominos Pizza. They all receive a bulk of their profit through overseas markets. Fast food chains symbolize Western economies and therefore, seen as the channel to economic prosperity in countries that are struggle (Schlosser, 229). Natives of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and countless other nations literally lined up for hours outside of brand new fast food franchises to purchase American food (Schlosser, 230).The billionaire trusty for bringing McDonalds to Japan went as far as saying that eating their hamburgers would make them white, blonde and taller in stature (Schlosser, 231). The campaign to Americanize the world is more overwhelming now with people in every corner of the globe spending their money on American fast food. The saying you are what you eat is heavily campaigned outside of the United States. People are consuming KFC, Burger King, Pizza Hut and McDonalds food in hopes to become more like Americans.After reading Fast Food Nation and analyzing this specific aspect of the fast food industry, I am able to form my own opinion. My first and foremost reaction to all of this is about health issues. There is a huge problem with feeding children food that is lacking in the nutrients necessary to grow and reach their highest potential in the future. Parents are feeding their children fast food but what were they parents fed as children? There was a lot more accent on home-cooked meals and the family sitting down for dinner every night back when todays parents were growing up.Children are drinking sodas, eating processed hamburgers and other greasy foods without any previous knowledge to make that decision. They are not taught about nutrition and what they are really putting in their bodies before nagging their parents to get the latest toy in a happy meal, as an example. The most important years in a persons invigoration should be sustained with the best nutrients possible. I know that personally, my mother cooked a majority of my meals growing up and having fast food was a treat. Now I can make educated decisions on what foods to consume.I think that anything in moderation is acceptable it is the families that get a different fast food meal four or five times a week that concern me. Along the same lines, parents are not setting the right examples for their children when they stop at the local drive-thru to grab dinner. There must be a balance between stimulating economies and sustaining healthy lives of all ages. In Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser describes children, parents and people living outside of American borders as targeted consumers by the fast-food industry.Kids are subjected to advertisements and several other ploys so that they will coerce their parents to buy them products from fast-food restaurants. Because they are such a large influence on the consumption of fast food, they are directly targeted as consumers. The parents are affected both indirectly and directly as consumers they consume fast food for themselves and their children. Fast-food chains have made it convenient for parents who work atypical hours and those who cannot afford other meal options.With the success of the fast-food industry in America, corporations have moved their efforts to international patrons. Fast food has become a major symbol of Western living and is highly desirable to many foreign nations. The consumers love of fast food proves economic success, but does it show success in other aspects of human life? People have become so abandoned to purchasing fast-food meals that the entire standard of nutrition and healthy living has gone down we tr uly are a fast food nation.

Emily Dickinson – Death Is a Dialogue

devastation is a Dialogue and If I Can tally One Heart from Breaking Analysis of Effective verse line Of the two poems twain written by Emily Dickinson, Death is a Dialogue and If I Can Stop One Heart from Breaking, the first is oneness that a qualified reader would say is a good poem and the second is one a qualified reader would call a grownup poem. The second poem possesses one of the three varieties of inferior poetry. Alternatively, Death is a Dialogue possesses poetic devices that establish it as a tiptop work of literature.First, both poems have a similar central purpose. In Death is a Dialogue, the central purpose is to convey a perspective about the animate and the afterlife. In If I Can Stop One Heart from Breaking, the central purpose is that by helping others, life becomes purposeful. However, the first poem is superior to the second poem. The first poem depicts the homosexual spirit as something that is immortal. The first poem has more poetical merit than the s econd poem in the handling of imagery, symbolism, and personification.The poem is structured as a dialogue alongside a combination of personification and apostrophe. Used together, these literary devices give life and immediacy to the speech communication of the poem as seen in Dickinsons first poem. The reader is provoked to think of abstract concepts of Death and the flavour as thinking, feeling, and speaking like human beings. The use of personification is found in the second and third base lines Dissolve says Death The Spirit Sir / I have another Trust . Death and the Spirit be also personified physically, as found in line two of stanza two The Spirit turns away. The combination of these poetic devices creates a subtle alone creative ironic tone. Since the poem depicts a dialogue between nonhuman entities that are in disagreement about the immorality of the Spirit, personifying them gives them the qualities of life that suggests that the person is immortal. The stand fi rm two lines of the second stanza are symbolic and open to interpretation.By leaving the most difficult concepts of the poem until the end is an effective way of good-natured the reader because the purpose of the poem cannot be fully achieved without interpreting these lines. This also works effectively because the framework of the poem provides enough information to consider how the oddment two lines achieve the poems purpose. For example, the contradictory tone of the framework creates a dramatic reading experience. It transits between resilience and fear, where the Spirit portrays resilience, for example, in the last line of stanza one I have another Trust (p 223).In the last two lines of stanza two, Just laying off for evidence / An Overcoat of remains (p 223), is highly symbolic and achieves the purpose of the poem because imaging the spirit taking off an Overcoat of Clay creatively shows that it is immortal the only buried federal agency of him is his overcoat. Overcoat is an effective use of connotation as it conjures a strong mental image of the Spirit proving his immortality. By comparison, If I Can Stop One Heart from Breaking, is an inferior poem.The poem is didactic and uses simple language that is not subject to interpretation, leaving a dull reading experience. Its nitty-gritty is clear, but how the poem attempts to achieve its message is poorly done. For example, the rhythm of the poem does not contribute to the purpose of the poem because it only gives the poem a shallow and catchy tone that an unqualified reader would find appealing and poetic. Rhyme is used for its own sake. A good example of this is in the first and third lines where the words breaking and aching are used.The lack of literary devices such as personification and connotation leave a poem that has only baptismal font value with no incentive or encouragement to observe beyond the literal meaning of the words. It is purely didactic in that its primary purpose is to prop hesy or teach a good poem would achieve this purpose by being subtle. This poem would be appealing to unqualified or founding father readers whom are looking for a wholesome truth dressed up in pretty words. Ultimately, the poem leaves the reader with a sermon and lacking both creativity and originality.It presents an inspirational theme, but does not leave a qualified reader with a feeling of inspiration. Overall, this is a bad poem because it uses literary devices that are superficial, such as rhyming. As well, there is a lack of literary devices which otherwise could accomplish the poems purpose (to make it inspirational on a higher level). For example, the reader is not provoked to think about any larger or hidden meaning in the poem. Unlike Death is a Dialogue which provokes both insight to a larger meaning beyond its face value, this poems flaws largely outweigh any autocratic features a good poem would have.

Turkey’s Retailing Sector Analysis

RETAILING INDUSTRY in terms of Food- Non Food * Sectorial Overview Retailing is the business practise that involves giveing products/ work to customers for their non-commercial, individual or family use. Normally, retail is the final stage of the dispersion process. The middle and retentive term potential of dud retail intentness continue re primary(prenominal)ing attractive. Companies in sector give the sectorial expansion with their expansion strategies, negative business administ balancen fund and powerful cash creating capabilities.The defensive structure of sector and utter penet proportionalityn strengthen this situation. With the attach in consumer demand, rapid urbanization, increase in large scale retail investments the g everywherenment issue of shopping malls in Turkey increased by more(prenominal) than 20% in the last two years. In the similar period, the derive surface rent subject bea in Turkey increased by more than 30% and debateed As it roll in the hay be seen on the graph below the total size of the retail sector (organized and unorganized) in Turkey is pass judgment to r each(prenominal) $355 billion in 2013 and grow with 10% until 2016. (See soma 1 in Appendix)Organized retail, a super bright segment due to increasing per capita consumer spending and relatively weaker presence up to now in compar skill with developed markets, is estimated to be 40% of the total retail industry in Turkey. (See exercise 2 and mental image 3 in Appendix) * The deal out of organized retail continue increasing The sh atomic number 18 of organized retail which has the level of %25 in the total retail market in 2000 exceeds the levels of %50 according to the 2013 predictions. Turkey organized retail market achieve an impressive growth in last 10 years.It is judge that the sh ar of organized retailers increase from the level %47 to the level %60 in upcoming 5 years. It is anticipated that the share of organized retail increases to the level of %60 till 2015. While the food retail segment constitute more than half of total retail market, traditional structure such as local markets and groceries still dominates the market. It is expected that approximate reckon of 10. 000 organized retail store will be twofold in 5-6 years. Besides, it is predicted that the number of groceries will be regress from 150. 00 to 100. 000 at the same period. Turkey, with its 105 milliard dollars gross sales figure, is located in 6th line in Europe retail sector. Neverthe little, while the total share of 5 biggest players in Europe is approximately %50, it is %20 in Turkey. Organized Retail Sector is the quickest expanding canal discount marketing. It is expected that the number of approximately 6. 000 discount stores in Turkey will be twofold in upcoming 4 or 5 years. With the support of increase in the income per capita, %12 growth is anticipated in retail sector between 2009 and 2015.The discount store chain in Turkey (such as A101, SOK, BIM, DIASA) cook a very fast growth schedules. BIM is placed in the eldest row in discount merchandising with its large store quantity. The smart set is planning to open ccc or 350 new-fangled stores every year. The fast increase in store quantities supports scale economy and companies are able to pull down their sale prices give thanks to the decline in costs. With the effect of increasing rival in sector, it is expected that the growth accelerate with purchasing in forthcoming years. Despite the high disceptation, the retail sector is enlarging expeditiously 6 major organized food retailing sucker constitute %37 of total market in spite of divided structure. It is expected that it will be inorganic growth, merchandising and reunions, thus the companies will achieve more competitive charges by increasing their purchasing power in 2013 and later on with the intensity of competition. 2 Major Retailing Companies in the Sector MIGROS vs BIM BIM and MIGROS which are the un discharged players of Turkey food retail sector, are analyzed in this assignment in terms of their monetary analysis.In retailing sector, these 2 companies spend a penny a great effect and they are known as to the highest degree powerful competitors with their shares all everywhere the industry. Migros has 6% and BIM has 9% industry shares. (See Figure 4 in the Appendix) 1) BIM BIM (Birlesik Magazalar A. S. ) adopts as a principle the supply of the highest quality basic foodstuff to consumers, at the best possible prices. BIM began its trading ope dimensionns in 1995 with 21 stores and in line with this principle. BIMs product portfolio comprises around 600 products. 44. 12% of BIM shares started to be traded in Istanbul Stock Exchange in 15 July 2005.BIM is the first representative of high level discount personate in Turkey and the guild got in linage market return for its rapid growth. While BIM finishes its seventh year in stock market, it became the 12th participation that has highest market value of Turkey. * Board of Directors Mustafa Latif TopbasChairman of the Executive mission Ekrem PakdemirliVice Chairman of the Board Mahmud MeraliBoard member and has chaired the Audit Committee Jos SimonsBoard member and consultant. Omer Hulusi TopbasBoard member. Yalc? n unrivaledrBoard member. Dr. Zeki Ziya SozenBoard member. Turnover doubled to sixer The rapid growth of the gild had an effect on the rise of BIM , whose capitals 17,43 per cent belongs to Mustafa Latif Topbas, in stock market. (See Table 1 Structure of BIMs Shareholders) BIM s sales revenues were 1. 4 billion TL . In the end of 2011, this revenues reached to 8. 2 billion TL. Also, the personnel number of the company increased approximately 3 cadences in 7 years. In the end of 2010, BIM became the endorsement leader with 6. 5 billion TL in the retailing sector of Turkey and it offered this position in 2011.As abroad, while the company increases the number of stores in Morocco, aims Egypt for the next year. This year, BIM in any field of study started to operate in mobile communication industry with the name of BIMCELL. * harvesting Strategy Aggressive Growth among the competitor companies that strength After 11% increase in number of stores in 2011, with the number of 3. 584 stores in 2012, BIM is the retailer that has the largest store network in Turkey. (See Figure 5 list of Stores ) BIM plans to open 400 new stores in 2013 and reach 5. 500 stores in 2015.With the store numbers increases in that respect also has been 14% increase in number of employees in the company in 2011. BIM has been expanding their business, ope symmetryns in every part. (See Figure 6 Number of Employees) These increases in operation side lead to an increase in number of average daily customers with 14% in 2011. (See Figure 7 comely number of periodical Customers) Of course with these changes, company carried out a 25 percent net sales increase over the industry average in 201 1 and 2012. (See Figure 8 Sales and clear Profit allowance account) It is estimated that a sales increase over 20 per cent in 2013.Depending on this net sales growth, lodges net good has been increased by 22% over the last triple years. Due to the increase in net sales allowance value regarding net profit, gross profit, EBIT, EBITDA hurt been decreased over 3 years. (See Figure 9 bread Profit and electronic network Profit Margin) With the effect of net sales increase, EBIT has been increased to 347,5 in 2011 ( See Figure 10 EBIT and EBIT permissiveness) These was a 19%increase in companys EBITDA and this means that there is an increase in amortization so we can say that company increased their asset purchases as we can see on the related figure. See Figure 11 EBITDA and EBITDA margin) * 18 clips has been increased in 7 years BIM began to be traded with 672. 9 million TL of market value in July, 2005. The value of the company increased approximately 18 times in 7 years b ased on TL. The increase in BIM stocks since the first trading day was 1. 861 per cent. As a result of its rapid growth, BIMs market value is the over of the Erdemir, Arcelik, Ford Otosan, Finansbank and Vak? fbank in admission to Tupras that is the Turkeys largest industrial enterprise and refinery giant.Also, BIM has paid its shareholders a total dividend of 700 million TL in the period of 7 years in the stock market. (See Figure 12 BIM Dividend Payment over the last 5 years). As the companys profit increased dividend behavements are increased also. There has been a positive family relationship between them. This is a very good indicator for the companys investors who already invested in BIMs shares and who are planning to invest. Also as a result of the increase in BIMs stock prices and stock revenues value of the company also increased. So, this situation put the companys principal shareholder, Mustafa Latif Topbas, to the Forbes list. On the other hand, for each stock BIM ha s really high returns and it brings some important risks also for the investors. (See Figure 13 IMKB 100 vs. BIM Stocks) When we canvas the situation of BIMs stocks in Imkb 100 with stocks of MIGROS, BIM has a high return, profit for the investors and because the returns and prices of BIM higher than IMKB 100 and because there is a really important difference between the line according to Figure, BIMs stocks are also operated and valued in IMKB 30. Why is it rising? * The rapid growth in the number of stores and endorsement. * The high readiness of dividend payment.. * Increasing advantageousness of the company every year. * To expand abroad with Morocco. * To bring new revenues with BIMCELL. *3/4 of the shares in stock market is belonged to foreigners. * Growth Tar eviscerates in Egypt after Morocco BIM will open stores in Egypt by 2013. The company estimates that the growth in Egypt will be faster opposed to the growth in Morocco. Recently, BIM operates in Morocco with 103 s tores.And the company plans to open 50 new stores in Egypt every year after 2013. 2)MIGROS Originally established in Turkey in 1954 as a collaboration of the Swiss-based Migros Cooperatives Society and the Istanbul municipality, Migross primary mission was to supply economically priced groceries and household supplies to consumers in Istanbul under wholesome conditions. In 1975 the Koc crowd acquired a majority venture in the company, following which there was a steady increase in both number of its stores and its brand value for more than a decade.In 1991, Migros became the first publicly traded company in retail. Following a Koc Group strategic decision to pull out of grocery retailing, in February 2008 Koc Holding signed an agreement to sell its 50. 83% stake in Migros to Moonlight Perakendecilik. Transfer of the shares took place on May 30th of the same year. On 30 April 2009, Moonlight Perakendecilik (now known as Migros Ticaret A. S. ) and Migros Turk T. A. S. were merged in to a single company which has since been direct under the name Migros Ticaret and whose principal shareholder is MH Perakendecilik ve Ticaret A. S.In 2005 Migros further bolstered its leadership of Turkeys food retailing sector with its acquisition of Tansas, another national chain As of end-2011 Migros was operating through a total of 745 national and internationalist locations. With a national presence in all seven of Turkeys geographical regions taking the form of 262 M, 190 MM, 59 MMM, and 16 5M Migros-branded stores and of 177 Tansas and 13 Macrocenter stores, its international footprint consisted of 23 Ramstores in Kazakhstan and another 5 in Macedonia. ( See Figure 14,15 Breakdown of plunder Sales Area by Store Brands of MH Group) Distribution of Dividend According to latest data from the companys official web-site, at the companys Annual General Meeting held on May 20, 2010, it was immovable to distribute a gross cash dividend of TL 195,833,000 to the shares representi ng TL 178,030,000 capital and the dividend disbursement is to start on May 28, 2010. On July 30th, 2009, it was decided to distribute the dividend of the free reserves after setting aside the reserves required by law to the share certificates representing the capital of TRY 178,030,000 and to use TRY 2,492,420,000 from this source for the distribution of gross cash dividends. See Table 2 Structure of Migross Shareholders) * Growth Strategy The company increased its total store number to 745 in 2011. (See Table 3) and 2012, they increased the stores to 874 by opening 142 new stores. The company is planning to open 100 new stores in 2013. It is expected that the company will maintain rapid growth and increasing operation profitability in 2013 by focusing on its main operations. In addition to this, in 2013, it is estimated that the company will have 13% sales growth in year basis and 6. 4% EBITDA margin. * The positive effect of change of SOK on Profitability.After selling SOK Discou nt Stores, thanks to high margins of supermarket segment and improvements in operational management and supply chain, Migross EBITDA margin increased in 2011. It increased from 5. 7% in 2011 to 6. 5% in 2011. While Migros leave the channel of low margin discount retailing that is in intense competition, it will increase its penetration in supermarket segment that it is the leader in. In the medium term, 6. 0%- 6. 5% is the sustainable margin level. It is expected that sale, partnership and the reunion debates of Migros and CarrefourSa in 2013 will close the sale after getting purchased the food by Makro. BC Partners expectation of selling the share of Migros, BC Partners (MH Retailing) which is %80,5 shareholder of Migros is a private loveliness company centered in London. In spite of the fact that it is expected that BC Partners will sell their quantum of Migros in between 2013-2014, there is no explanation about the time period. It is thought that, despite the aggressive growth s trategies of Migros continue, the quantum sale in 2013 is highly possible. In the case of selling deal, it is possible to be made a call for minor shareholders. * Companys Stock devolves in IMKB 100When we compare the Migros Stock Returns we can say that, the prices of each stocks are less(prenominal) than BIMs stocks and their returns are above the IMKB 100 line. This situation makes companys stocks profitable but at the same time it may mean a high risk for the investors ( See Figure 17 IMKB 100 vs. MIGROS Stocks) Analysis of Financial Ratios of BIM & MIGROS (See Tables 4,5,6) 1) Liquidity Ratios Current Ratio This ratio is commonly used as an index for circulating(prenominal) financial position and used for measuring companys ability to pay short-term debts and determining the companys net working capital if it is enough or not.Generally it is expected to be 2,00. The ratio of 1 is also acceptable. When we look at both companies both of them may have some difficulties to pay th eir short-term liabilities. For the firms which has a high level of inventory employee turnover rate ratio and due turnover ratio like Bim, they are able to pay their short-term debts easily. Quick Ratio It is a more sensitive ratios than current ratio. It shows us the ability of firms to pay their short-term liabilities when they have no sales growth, when their sales stops. It is expected to be 1. The ratios of both firms are less than deal number so receivable accounts and cash cover short term liabilities and their abilities to pay are not good but at least both firms ratios are higher than industry ratio and this brings these 2 companies in a get out position in terms of short-term debts. silver Ratio It is most sensitive liquidity ratio. Generally, this ratio is not expected to be under 0. 20. As both firms cash ratios are higher than industry ratio, it wont difficulties for paying their debts in the condition of lack of sales and getting their receivables. Additionally, company is retentivity more cash than needed.Net Working Capital If the value of networking capital is minus, this means companys current liabilities are more than current assets. This is the main reason for the company which finance its current assets with current liabilities. This is the case for BIM. We can say that company might have done current assest investments. We can say that BIM has some problems in terms of liquidity. Migros has positive networking capital and it has no liquidity problem. 2) Leverage Ratios match Debt Ratio This ratio is expected to be under 50%. With 0. 64, 0. 63 and 0. 64 ratios according to three years, BIM has higher values than this ideal ratio.When we look at industry ratio, it is 2,00. This ratio tells us, foreign resources are used for financing assets by the rate of 0. 64. It shows that BIM can pay its debts by selling assets when the operation stopped. This is the same for Migros expect the year 2010. It has a very high ratio, even higher tha n the industry level which is 2,41. Debt to Equity Ratio This ratio can be equal to 1 or higher than 1. If it is higher than 1, it means difficulties in paying debts and interests or if it is lower than 1, it means company finance their assets by using its equities. The industry ratio is 1. 3. By sounding Migross DTE ratios, they mostly finance their assets by using their equities instead of using foreign resources and they will have no difficulties while paying their debts, liabilities in the future. But when we compare it with the industry which is almost 1, Migros will have less advantage in any crisis condition. In this case, Bim has a more advantageous position than Migros because its ratios are closer to industry ratio and ideal ratio. considerable Term Debt It is a normal ratio 0. 12 0. 16 in Turkey. The industry ratio is 1. 03. Migross ratios are 0. 47, 0. 44, 0. 49 orderly.Bims ratios are 0. 01, 0. 01, 0. 01 orderly. If this ratio is high, this increases interest burden, decreases dividends and as a result, it causes not to cover debt burden. Migros prefers long-term foreign resources rather than using their equities. Long Term Debt to Equity Ideal ratio is 1. Migross ratios are 0. 64, 1. 85, 2. 26. Bims ratios are 0. 04, 0. 03, 0. 03 orderly. The industry ratio is 0. 84. For Bim with these ratios that are less than 1, it means that Bims equity is more than long term debts. It is valid for these three years. generation pertain Earned This ratio should be more than 8.Higher value of times interest take in ratio is favorable meaning greater ability of a business to repay its interest and debt. let down values are unfavorable. That means if a company cannot repay its interest and debt it may become in a difficult situation even it may go bankrupt. In general, times interest acquire of 1. 5 or below is unsafe. 3) Efficiency Ratios Receivable Turnover If a company has a low receivable turnover it means, that company has some important difficulties to collect their receivables and the collection policy of that company is not so good and this means that they are unnecessarily relax about sales on credit.When we compare Bim and Migros, Bim is a give away position for collecting its receivables in a quicker way. Its ratios are even less than industry ratio. When we compare Bim with Migros, Bim really has a strong ability to get their sales and receivables and their portfolios include low-risk and unsuspecting customers bonnie Collection Period It can also be evaluated by comparison with the terms on which the firm sells its goods. For Bim, with the high value of this ratio, it may not have the ability to finance its own debts because of long-term collection.Migros has a shorter average collection period Inventory Turnover It is the most important ratio in retailing sector and it measures companys efficiency in turning its inventory into sales. Its purpose is to measure the liquidity of the inventory. Migros has ratios 7. 43, 8. 52, 8. 47 orderly and Bim has ratios 16. 98, 19. 56, 20. 23. exertion average is 10. 61. Migross ratios are less than Bims and industrys ratios so this is a signal signal of inefficiency, since inventory usually has a rate of return of zero. It also implies all ugly sales or excess inventory.For Migros low turnover rate can indicate poor liquidity, possible overstocking, and obsolescence, but it may also reflect a planned inventory build up in the case of material shortages or in anticipation of rapidly rising prices. Bim has highest inventory turnover ratios over Migros and industry. It means that Bim is really strong in terms of sales and at the same time very potent to control its inventories. Its higher inventory turnover ratio also means break away liquidity. Also its efficiency in managing their stocks were increased, their stocks are becoming sales revenues in a short time and their stock costs were decreased year by year.With this positive development, it has less fi nancial resources for their stocks as necessities and their competition force has increased by this activity. Average Days in Inventory Generally, the lower (shorter) the DSI the break off. Bim has lower Average Days in Inventory than Migros and industry. This means, Bim is doing good in the sector and it has a good position in industry competition. This is an indicator of good operating cycle of Bim. In this case, Migros is in a worse situation. asset Turnover Bim has higher asset turnover ratio than Migros and industry and it shows us Bim has much more effective sales than Migros.It is more successful than Migros in order to generate sales with fewer assets it has a higher turnover ratio which tells it is a good company because it is using its assets efficiently. Migros is not using its assets optimally. Total asset turnover ratio is a key driver of return on equity 4) Profitability Ratios A companys stock price, in large part, is driven by the companys ability to generate earni ngs. Therefore, it is useful for investors to analyze the profitability of a company before investing in it. One way to do this is by calculating and tracking various profit margins, which reflect how efficiently a company uses its resources.Gross Profit Margin Due to higher sales volume of Bim, Bim has lower gross profit margin than both Migros and the industry and it means Profit Margin It tells us about companys profits and their different kinds of policies, strategies and decisions. When we look at Bims profit margins over the 3 years they are higher than Migross profit margin values and the industry average. It is the most advantageous one. Bim has a better position than Migros in the industry. It has a competitive advantage over Miigros. ROA It shows us at what amount companies get returns from their investments.Bim has higher ROA than Migros and industry over 3 years. It has become really effective to use their assets in a profitable way. For Migros, in 2011 the ratio became a minus value this means Migros lost its asset profitability and started to not to get any profit from their assets. ROE Stockholders invest to get a return on their money, and this ratio tells how well they are doing in an accounting sense. It measures the performance of companies equities. Again for this ratio, Bim has a much better position. It has higher ratio than Migros and industry. But on the other hand, there has been a small ROE step-down for Bim over 3 years.For example in 2011, ROE is 0. 48 and this means that owners of Bim could get 10% income from their equity that they invest for Bim. operating(a) Profit Margin With a higher ratio of Bim, it is more successful in generating from operating its business. It is more important than net profit margin because it measures the profit margin which companies gain from goods and services sales in companies main activity subjects. This ratio is higher than industry ratios which is really important peculiarly for Bims investors. APPENDIX Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Table 1 Structure of BIMs ShareholdersTable 2 Structure of Migross Shareholders Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Table 3 of National and International Stores, Net Sales Area Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16 Figure 17 Table 4 Financial Ratios of Migros 2009 2010 2011 2010 Migros Migros Migros Industry LEVERAGE RATIOS Debt to equity 2. 76 3. 13 3. 58 1. 03 Total debt ratio 0. 73 2. 41 0. 78 2. 00 Long Term debt ratio 0. 47 0. 44 0. 49 0. 22 Long-term debt to equity ratio 0. 64 1. 85 2. 26 0. 84 Times Interest Earned 1. 54 1. 28 1. 43 22. 35LIQUIDITY RATIOS Current ratio 1. 34 1. 01 1. 13 0. 82 Quick ratio 0. 94 0. 58 0. 70 0. 45 Cash Ratios 0. 88 0. 55 0. 66 0. 32 Net Working Capital 497,628 27,363 218,876 -31,682,086 EFFICIENCY RATIOS Total asset turnover 1. 01 1. 14 1. 04 2. 08 Inventory turnover 7. 34 8. 52 8. 47 10. 61 Receivable turnover 150. 11 127. 5 85. 64 66. 25 Average collecti on period 2. 43 2. 86 4. 26 8. 80 Average days in Inventory 49. 72 42. 84 43. 09 38. 61 PROFITABILITY RATIOS Gross profit margin 0. 25 0. 24 0. 25 0. 22 Net profit margin 0. 01 0. 006 -0. 02 0. 02 Operating Profit Margin 0. 01 0. 03 0. 04 0. 01 Return on Asset 0. 01 0. 00 -0. 02 0. 03 Return on Equity 0. 07 0. 03 -0. 13 0. 11 Table 5Financial Ratios of Bim 2009 2010 2011 2010 Bim Bim Bim Industry LEVERAGE RATIOS Debt to equity 1. 83 1. 74 1. 81 1. 03 Total debt ratio 0. 64 0. 63 0. 64 2. 00 Long-term debt ratio 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 22 Long-term debt to equity ratio 0. 04 0. 03 0. 03 0. 84 Times Interest Earned 156. 8 83. 67 140. 6 22. 35 LIQUIDITY RATIOS Current ratio 0. 88 0. 95 0. 98 0. 82 Quick ratio 0. 51 0. 56 0. 61 0. 5 Cash Ratios 0. 24 0. 33 0. 36 0. 32 Net Working Capital -80,986 -38,285 -18,386 -31,682,086 EFFICIENCY RATIOS Total asset turnover 4. 84 4. 79 4. 72 2. 08 Inventory turnover 16. 98 19. 56 20. 23 10. 61 Receivable turnover 32. 99 34. 15 30. 21 66. 25 Average collection period 11. 06 10. 68 12. 08 8. 80 Average days in Inventory 21. 4 18. 66 18. 04 38. 61 PROFITABILITY RATIOS Gross profit margin 0. 17 0. 16 0. 16 0. 22 Net profit margin 0. 04 0. 037 0. 037 0. 002 Operating Margin 0. 04 0. 04 0. 04 0. 01 Return on Asset 0. 19 0. 17 0. 17 0. 3 Return on Equity 0. 54 0. 49 0. 48 0. 11 Table 6 Financial ratios of Tesco Kipa, Carrefoursa, Migros, Bim, Industry, in 2010 2010 Bim Migros Carrefoursa Tesco Kipa Industry LEVERAGE RATIOS Total Debt ratio 0. 63 2. 41 0. 41 0. 70 1. 03 Debt to equity 1. 74 3. 13 0. 71 2. 43 2. 00 Long-term debt ratio 0. 01 0. 44 0. 02 0. 42 0. 22 Long-term debt equity ratio 0. 03 1. 85 0. 04 1. 45 0. 84 Times interest earned 84. 6 1. 28 1. 54 2. 00 22. 35 LIQUIDITY RATIOS Net working capital -38,285 27,363 -126,853,307 178,586 -31,682,086 Current ratio 0. 8 1. 01 0. 81 0. 59 0. 82 Quick ratio 0. 51 0. 58 0. 53 0. 20 0. 45 Cash Ratios 0. 24 0. 55 0. 36 0. 16 0. 32 EFFICIENCY RATIOS Total asset turnover 4. 84 1. 14 1. 42 0. 95 2. 08 Inventory turnover 16. 98 8. 52 10. 3 6. 65 10. 61 Receivable turnover 32. 99 127. 5 21. 5 83. 04 66. 25 Average collection period 11. 06 2. 86 16. 9 4. 39 8. 80 Average Days in Inventory 21. 4 42. 84 35. 4 54. 8 38. 61 PROFITABILITY RATIOS Gross profit margin 0. 17 0. 24 0. 22 0. 27 0. 22 Net profit margin 0. 04 0. 006 -. 008 -0. 03 0. 002 Operating Margin 0. 4 0. 03 -0. 005 -0. 002 0. 01 Return on Asset 0. 19 0. 00 -0. 011 -0. 03 0. 03 Return on Equity 0. 54 0. 03 -0. 02 -0. 11 0. 11 REFERENCES * http//www. bim. com. tr/yatirimci-iliskileri. html * http//www. migroskurumsal. com/Foreks. aspx? IcerikID=35 * http//tesco. kipa. com. tr/default. asp * http//www. carrefour. com. tr/Kurumsal/finansalsonuclarjsessionid=b3a0da5ff5e79ee039b023b24ca0 * http//www. ampd. org/ * http//www. capital. com. tr/perakende-AltKategoriler/48. aspx * http//www. aaii. com/computerized-investing/article/profit-margin-analysis. pdf

Personal Philosophy of Nursing

A definition of a Philosophy is when individual contemplates, or wonders, about something that serves as the blueprints or guides that incorporates each individuals value and belief system. (Chitty & Black, 2007, p. 318) person-to-person Philosophy of Nursing is the core values and beliefs that a halt upholds when taking take of another gentlemans gentleman world. It is the belief that each individual no matter what disease, race, or economic status they deplete go away get treated with the highest regards to compassion, integrity, and respect that they deserve.I Melissa Fielding guess that my personal arrest school of thought on September 13, 2009 would be to treat others as I would want to be treated. I would a ilk(p) to think that each individual patient role has earned my compassion, integrity, and respect that they deserve. I choose nursing as my profession, to be able to take my compassion, knowledge, values and beliefs and apply them to the actually ones who nookienot take trouble of themselves. I deliberate that the precise core of nursing is to maintain a good relationship with my patient and to be a patient advocate and to treat both humane organism with dignity and respect.My main focus for nursing to practice compassion and respect in all professional relationships, by valuing the dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, open-plan by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of the health problems. (, 2001, p. 1). I leave alone take into consideration each patient who may not be the most pleasant patient as a sign that the patient is afraid of not knowing what is going on with them and I provide maintain a calm, professional and reassuring manner with them.My vision for myself as a nurse is to remember to promote health and wellness. (Core of Nursing, 1999) to those in need without prejudice. I would like to provide the better care to all patients remembering that they come from all different backgrounds. To live out my philosophical system of nursing, every twenty-four hour period I must remember about my patients that I give keep open to treat my patients the way that I would want myself or a family member to be treated with allowing them to be involved in the termination making regarding their care, respect, care, compassion, and dignity.I exit reside to involve the family members in the decision making by being sympathetic to their own sensitivities, needs, encouragement and fears. I will continue to treat my fellow colleagues with respect, knowing that they canister be a help in my values and beliefs when taking care of patients. I will continue to take care of my own health by staying fit, eating right, and getting plenty of rest which will allow me to be the high hat nurse I can strive for thus being the best caregiver my patients can look forward to.In conclusion, I feel that the philosophy of nursing is a combination of core values, and beliefs that teaches us to treat each human being with the respect, compassion, dignity, and uniqueness, regardless of disease, social or economic status, or race that they deserve. My focus with each patient will be to allow them to suck the right to be involved in the decision making of their care as well as allowing their family members to be involved in the decision making.I will maintain my beliefs and values by treating every patient, or coworker with respect that they deserve. I believe that each person has a calling in emotional state and it takes a special person to become a nurse. Nurses have to have a very robust belief and value system in order to give patients the care and compassion they so deserve. I believe that by continuing education and always looking for new ways to learn is the very core and philosophy of nursing.personal Philosophy of NursingA definition of a Philosophy is when someone contemplates, or wonders, about something that serves as the bluepri nts or guides that incorporates each individuals value and belief system. (Chitty & Black, 2007, p. 318) Personal Philosophy of Nursing is the core values and beliefs that a nurse upholds when taking care of another human being. It is the belief that each individual no matter what disease, race, or economic status they have will get treated with the highest regards to compassion, integrity, and respect that they deserve.I Melissa Fielding believe that my personal nursing philosophy on September 13, 2009 would be to treat others as I would want to be treated. I would like to think that each individual patient has earned my compassion, integrity, and respect that they deserve. I choose nursing as my profession, to be able to take my compassion, knowledge, values and beliefs and apply them to the very ones who cannot take care of themselves. I believe that the very core of nursing is to maintain a good relationship with my patient and to be a patient advocate and to treat every human being with dignity and respect.My main focus for nursing to practice compassion and respect in all professional relationships, by valuing the dignity, worth, and uniqueness of every individual, open-ended by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes, or the nature of the health problems. (, 2001, p. 1). I will take into consideration each patient who may not be the most pleasant patient as a sign that the patient is afraid of not knowing what is going on with them and I will maintain a calm, professional and reassuring manner with them.My vision for myself as a nurse is to remember to promote health and wellness. (Core of Nursing, 1999) to those in need without prejudice. I would like to provide the best care to all patients remembering that they come from all different backgrounds. To live out my philosophy of nursing, every day I must remember about my patients that I will continue to treat my patients the way that I would want myself or a family member to be treated with allowing them to be involved in the decision making regarding their care, respect, care, compassion, and dignity.I will continue to involve the family members in the decision making by being sympathetic to their own sensitivities, needs, encouragement and fears. I will continue to treat my fellow colleagues with respect, knowing that they can be a help in my values and beliefs when taking care of patients. I will continue to take care of my own health by staying fit, eating right, and getting plenty of rest which will allow me to be the best nurse I can strive for thus being the best caregiver my patients can look forward to.In conclusion, I feel that the philosophy of nursing is a combination of core values, and beliefs that teaches us to treat each human being with the respect, compassion, dignity, and uniqueness, regardless of disease, social or economic status, or race that they deserve. My focus with each patient will be to allow them to have the right to be inv olved in the decision making of their care as well as allowing their family members to be involved in the decision making.I will maintain my beliefs and values by treating every patient, or coworker with respect that they deserve. I believe that each person has a calling in conduct and it takes a special person to become a nurse. Nurses have to have a very sloshed belief and value system in order to give patients the care and compassion they so deserve. I believe that by continuing education and always looking for new ways to learn is the very core and philosophy of nursing.